Wednesday Afternoon Pairs Wednesday Aft Session June 20, 2007 Scores after 27 boards Average: 94.5 Section A North-South Pair Pct Score Section Rank MPs A B C 6 57.22 108.15 A 1 0.90(A) Maureen Gravett - Ara Hammond 2 56.35 106.50 A 2 0.63(A) Tom Shimizu - Yumiko Reynolds 3 51.55 97.43 A 3 0.45(A) Margaret Page - Jack Syme 5 49.24 93.07 A 4 0.32(A) Grace Uyeno - Violet Kimoto 7 47.17 89.16 A Ben Grubel - Frances Hayes 8 46.74 88.34 A Janice Straus - Miye Takeuchi 1 46.38 87.65 B 1 0.16(B) Lillian Harris - Helen Davis 4 45.12 85.28 B Bill Jolly - Harold Hayashi Wednesday Afternoon Pairs Wednesday Aft Session June 20, 2007 Scores after 27 boards Average: 94.5 Section A East-West Pair Pct Score Section Rank MPs A B C 7 59.10 111.69 A 1 0.90(A) Ravi Bhalla - Wen-Chao Macbride 5 55.32 104.55 B 2 1 0.63(A) Gerda Janos - Joanne Cobeen 8 55.27 104.46 A 3 0.45(A) John Begley - Helen Studabaker 2 53.06 100.29 C 4 2 1 0.39(B) Gladys Perez-Mendez - Elizabeth Snowden 1 52.72 99.64 C 3 2 0.28(B) Barbara Taylor - Joyce DeMercurio 9 51.06 96.50 B Dennis Bromley - Larry Schaleger 4 46.26 87.44 C Lois Strahm - Josephine Lemon 3 44.81 84.69 B Edmund Robbins - Kamla Dutt 6 32.32 61.08 C Helga Tannenbaum - Herb Simon RESULTS OF BOARD 1 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 400 7.00 0.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 150 5.50 1.50 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 110 2.00 5.00 3-Page-Syme vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 100 0.00 7.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 90 1.00 6.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 150 5.50 1.50 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 130 4.00 3.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 120 3.00 4.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 2 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 650 1.00 6.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 680 3.00 4.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 630 0.00 7.00 3-Page-Syme vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 680 3.00 4.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 1430 7.00 0.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 680 3.00 4.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 690 5.50 1.50 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 690 5.50 1.50 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 3 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 650 2.00 5.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 100 6.00 1.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 650 2.00 5.00 3-Page-Syme vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 650 2.00 5.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 200 7.00 0.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 680 0.00 7.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 150 5.00 2.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 200 4.00 3.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 4 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 1.00 6.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 620 5.50 1.50 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 140 3.00 4.00 3-Page-Syme vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 650 7.00 0.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 100 1.00 6.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 100 1.00 6.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 620 5.50 1.50 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 170 4.00 3.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 5-Janos-Cobeen ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 5 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 90 6.00 1.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 100 7.00 0.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 90 4.50 2.50 3-Page-Syme vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 200 0.50 6.50 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 100 2.50 4.50 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 200 0.50 6.50 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 90 4.50 2.50 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 100 2.50 4.50 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 5-Janos-Cobeen ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 6 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W PASS 4.50 2.50 1-Harris-Davis vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 100 1.00 6.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden PASS 4.50 2.50 3-Page-Syme vs 4-Strahm-Lemon PASS 4.50 2.50 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 140 0.00 7.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 8-Begley-Studabaker PASS 4.50 2.50 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 50 2.00 5.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 100 7.00 0.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 5-Janos-Cobeen ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 7 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 150 6.00 1.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 150 6.00 1.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 90 3.00 4.00 3-Page-Syme vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 200 0.00 7.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 80 2.00 5.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 120 4.00 3.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 150 6.00 1.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 90 1.00 6.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 4-Strahm-Lemon ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 8 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 1.00 6.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 100 1.00 6.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 140 3.50 3.50 3-Page-Syme vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 140 3.50 3.50 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 450 7.00 0.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 420 6.00 1.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 100 1.00 6.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 200 5.00 2.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 4-Strahm-Lemon ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 9 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 1.79 5.21 1-Harris-Davis vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 50 4.07 2.93 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 100 6.36 0.64 3-Page-Syme vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 50 4.07 2.93 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 100 6.36 0.64 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 100 1.79 5.21 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 130 0.07 6.93 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 4-Strahm-Lemon ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 10 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 600 0.00 7.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 180 1.00 6.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 100 4.50 2.50 3-Page-Syme vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 300 7.00 0.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 100 4.50 2.50 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 100 4.50 2.50 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 100 4.50 2.50 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 90 2.00 5.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 3-Robbins-Dutt ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 11 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 490 0.00 7.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 400 3.50 3.50 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 400 3.50 3.50 3-Page-Syme vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 400 3.50 3.50 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 120 7.00 0.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 400 3.50 3.50 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 400 3.50 3.50 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 400 3.50 3.50 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 3-Robbins-Dutt ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 12 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 2.36 4.64 1-Harris-Davis vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 150 6.93 0.07 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 400 0.07 6.93 3-Page-Syme vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 100 5.21 1.79 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 100 5.21 1.79 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 50 2.36 4.64 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 50 2.36 4.64 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 13 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 680 4.00 3.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 680 4.00 3.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 680 4.00 3.00 3-Page-Syme vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 680 4.00 3.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 680 4.00 3.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 680 4.00 3.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 650 0.00 7.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 680 4.00 3.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 14 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 130 3.50 3.50 1-Harris-Davis vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 110 6.00 1.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 110 6.00 1.00 3-Page-Syme vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 150 1.50 5.50 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 400 0.00 7.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 110 6.00 1.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 150 1.50 5.50 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 130 3.50 3.50 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 15 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 300 2.50 4.50 1-Harris-Davis vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 100 0.50 6.50 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 100 0.50 6.50 3-Page-Syme vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 790 5.00 2.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 300 2.50 4.50 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 1190 7.00 0.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 790 5.00 2.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 790 5.00 2.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 16 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 3.50 3.50 1-Harris-Davis vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 100 3.50 3.50 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 100 7.00 0.00 3-Page-Syme vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 150 1.50 5.50 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 150 1.50 5.50 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 90 5.50 1.50 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 90 5.50 1.50 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 200 0.00 7.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 17 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 110 0.00 7.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 100 2.00 5.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 50 4.50 2.50 3-Page-Syme vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 100 2.00 5.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 50 6.00 1.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 140 7.00 0.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 100 2.00 5.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 50 4.50 2.50 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 18 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 300 7.00 0.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 140 2.00 5.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 400 1.00 6.00 3-Page-Syme vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 420 0.00 7.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 50 3.50 3.50 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 110 6.00 1.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 50 3.50 3.50 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 100 5.00 2.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 19 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 140 3.00 4.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 150 5.50 1.50 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 110 1.00 6.00 3-Page-Syme vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 150 5.50 1.50 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 140 3.00 4.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 140 3.00 4.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 50 0.00 7.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 170 7.00 0.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 20 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 1.50 5.50 1-Harris-Davis vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 110 5.00 2.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 110 5.00 2.00 3-Page-Syme vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 140 7.00 0.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 100 1.50 5.50 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 110 5.00 2.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 90 3.00 4.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 120 0.00 7.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 21 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 140 3.00 4.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 140 3.00 4.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 140 3.00 4.00 3-Page-Syme vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 140 3.00 4.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 140 3.00 4.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 50 7.00 0.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 140 3.00 4.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 140 3.00 4.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 22 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 130 6.00 1.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 200 2.50 4.50 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 180 4.50 2.50 3-Page-Syme vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 210 1.00 6.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 600 0.00 7.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 180 4.50 2.50 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 100 7.00 0.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 200 2.50 4.50 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 8-Begley-Studabaker ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 23 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 630 2.50 4.50 1-Harris-Davis vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 690 6.00 1.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 600 0.50 6.50 3-Page-Syme vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 600 0.50 6.50 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 690 6.00 1.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 690 6.00 1.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 660 4.00 3.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 630 2.50 4.50 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 8-Begley-Studabaker ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 24 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 250 7.00 0.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 50 3.00 4.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 100 5.00 2.00 3-Page-Syme vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride 90 2.00 5.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 9-Bromley-Schaleger 100 5.00 2.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 150 0.00 7.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 110 1.00 6.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 100 5.00 2.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 8-Begley-Studabaker ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 25 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 140 5.00 2.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 130 2.50 4.50 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 420 6.50 0.50 3-Page-Syme vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 130 2.50 4.50 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 100 0.00 7.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 130 2.50 4.50 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 420 6.50 0.50 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 130 2.50 4.50 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 26 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 200 1.00 6.00 1-Harris-Davis vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 300 7.00 0.00 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 100 5.00 2.00 3-Page-Syme vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 110 4.00 3.00 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 140 3.00 4.00 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 100 6.00 1.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 300 0.00 7.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 170 2.00 5.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 27 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 5.50 1.50 1-Harris-Davis vs 2-Perez-Mendez-Snowden 100 3.50 3.50 2-Shimizu-Reynolds vs 4-Strahm-Lemon 50 7.00 0.00 3-Page-Syme vs 6-Tannenbaum-Simon 50 5.50 1.50 4-Jolly-Hayashi vs 8-Begley-Studabaker 100 3.50 3.50 5-Uyeno-Kimoto vs 1-Taylor-DeMercurio 170 2.00 5.00 6-Gravett-Hammond vs 3-Robbins-Dutt 570 0.00 7.00 7-Grubel-Hayes vs 5-Janos-Cobeen 300 1.00 6.00 8-Straus-Takeuchi vs 7-Bhalla-Macbride ----------------------------------------------------------------------